Disability Assignment Essay Example for Free

Handicap Assignment Essay Ageism has been tended to and there have been numerous arrangements made to help stop it. The ADA was built up to stop the segregation of the crippled, which numerous older individuals are. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) was set up to secure specialists 40 years old or more established from being terminated due to their age and supplanted with more youthful laborers who probably would get lower compensations. None of these have been a supernatural occurrence, however they have hindered the segregation of the old. The Supreme Court decided for Meachan v. Meadows Atomic Power Laboratory expressing that businesses under ADEA needed to demonstrate that laying off more seasoned specialists wasn’t dependent on age however â€Å"some sensible factor† (Schaefer, 2012). Is the quantity of maturing populace expected to ascend in numbers or diminishing? The quantity of the maturing populace is relied upon to ascend in numbers. Agreeing to The Demographics Of Agingâ (2009), today, one out of each 9 Americans is oldâ€another previous youth turns 50 at regular intervals. Those age 65 and more established presently surpass 35 million, a number ready to detonate. The up and coming maturing populace will be not quite the same as those of past decades. They will live more, keep up betterâ healthâ and have more dynamic ways of life than past ages. With the expansion in the old populace comes the requirement for progressively Social Security, incapacity and clinical consideration. This could influence the economy in a negative manner. †¢ What sorts of enactment could conceivably be influenced by the maturing populace? I figure Bills will be influenced by the maturing populace since they should be authorized more. There are numerous Bills and laws that have been passed for the equivalent rights and reasonable treatment of the older. There are numerous private and open bills that I am certain will be implemented more with the expansion in the old populace. With the ascent of the old, there will be an ascent in casting a ballot moreover. All the more older individuals vote during a political race year than some other age gathering. These are the main two different ways that I can think about that would be influenced by the maturing populace. How does destitution influence the maturing populace? Numerous old individuals live right at the neediness level due to all the costs they have. Medicines, doctor’s arrangements, lodging, and so on are generally c osts that old individuals need to pay for consistently. Most older individuals have protection, for example, Medicare, however this doesn’t consistently pay for all the clinical costs they cause. Neediness can influence the maturing populace in negative manners. They can become focused on that they probably won't have the option to take care of every one of their tabs, which can prompt medical problems. In the event that Social Security benefits didn't exist, an expected 44%â of the old would be poor today, accepting no adjustments in conduct (Cawthorne,â 2008). There are numerous in the maturing populace who are as yet working today since they don’t have the way to resign. With the ruin of the economy, many need to come out of retirement and become utilized again in light of the fact that their administration benefits aren’t enough. Part III †¢ How have individuals with handicaps been treated before? The impaired populace has been dealt with unjustifiably previously. They are victimized and are demonstrated partiality in view of their state. Many were prevented work on the grounds that from securing their inabilities and open settings didn’t have the best possible intends to suit a handicapped individual. Some impaired people were dealt with like they had a sickness. They were given grimy looks or were gazed at like they were a zoo creature. The crippled were left in establishments or homes to experience the remainder of their lives on the grounds that nobody needed to â€Å"deal† with them. They weren’t given a similar treatment as the non-crippled. There were additionally instances of guardians of a debilitated kid being told they were in an ideal situation â€Å"putting them out of their misery† in light of the fact that there weren’t a lot of assets accessible. The entirety of this treatment prompted the death of laws and the production of numerous associations to enable the handicapped to get reasonable treatment. †¢ How has the demeanor toward individuals with incapacities changed after some time? The disposition toward and treatment of individuals with inabilities has changed definitely after some time. Since the presentation of the ADA, which is the Americans with Disabilities Act, the handicapped have been accepting equivalent rights and have had the option to battle against separation. Pretty much every open scene has the way to suit the crippled, for example, a wheelchair incline or programmed opening entryways. There are occasions currently made explicitly for the impaired so they can at present be a piece of their locale, similar to the Special Olympics and good cause occasions. My nephew has Down Syndrome and they have a unique baseball group each late spring that he partakes in called the â€Å"Miracle League†. Individuals are grasped more for their inabilities as opposed to being disregarded. There is considerably more innovation accessible so as to keep the incapacitated dynamic and social. Additionally, with the death of the ADA, there are progressively crippled people picking up business. Truly, the occupations they obtain aren’t top level administrators, however they do furnish them with a suspicion that all is well and good and pride. †¢ What are some one of a kind conditions or issues experienced by individuals with handicaps? There are many interesting conditions or issues that I can consider experienced by individuals with handicaps. In the event that the incapacitated individual is in a wheelchair, they have numerous impediments they need to survive. They are the first to load up a plane since they take the longest to jump on the plane. At the point when they experience metal indicators, they must be wanded a short time later in light of the fact that they go off without fail. Handicapped people with any sort of physical inability make some harder memories moving around places and appreciating indistinguishable recreational exercises from an individual without a physical incapacity. People who are visually impaired have braile on signs and furthermore can’t appreciate similar exercises that the seeing populace can. Incapacities to me are an extraordinary situation in itself that others must be benevolent and deferential about. †¢ What is being done to address those issues? The ADA has been passed which forestalls the separation of the debilitated. They can't be separated in the workforce, cafés, transportation, and so forth. There have been many crippled people who have battled with the premise of the ADA behind them. There are assets that can be utilized by the incapacitated so as to make their lives simpler, for example, wheelchair slopes. These things make the lives of the crippled a lot simpler. There is likewise Social Security Disability accessible for the individuals who can't work and need the salary to live. †¢ What sorts of enactment have been acquainted with address issues looked by individuals with handicaps? There are numerous kinds of enactment that have been acquainted with assistance the incapacitated. The ADA, which I have just talked about in past answers, shields the impaired from bias and segregation. The Developmental Disabilities Assistance Bill of Rights Act (DD Act) guarantees that people with formative incapacities and their families approach network based administrations and supports to advance open doors for freedom, efficiency and consideration. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law guaranteeing administrations to kids with incapacities all through the country. Thought oversees how states and open organizations give early intercession, specialized curriculum and related administrations to qualified newborn children, babies, kids and youth with handicaps. The Rehabilitation Act (Rehab Act) approves the recipe award projects of professional restoration, upheld business, autonomous living, and customer help. It additionally approves an assortment of preparing and administration optional awards directed by the Rehabilitation Services Administration.

Drug test Essay

Contextual investigation Analysis Paper COMM/215 Oct 20, 2014 Winifred Donnelly ? Contextual Analysis Paper For the situation study, Carl is another enrollment specialist for ABC Inc. After being relegated to his position, he beat desires by effectively recruiting a few new individuals in spite of his absence of time at work. Along these lines, he likely feels a ton of strain to succeed and keep on performing superior to his past endeavors consistently. He has committed various errors for the situation study and is at a misfortune with respect to what he ought to do straightaway. In particular, well gander at the mix-ups Carl made, what he should. have done in any case, and the alternatives he has accessible to him currently to address the missteps hes made. As a matter of first importance, Carl began wrong by guaranteeing Monica that everything would be dealt with in time and leaving it at that. There is a considerable amount engaged with ensuring each recruit has their applications and resumes rounded out and submitted effectively. Furthermore, medicate screening is something that must be done at an endorsed office for your organization or enterprise since there are potential lawful issues if the urinalysis tests are done at your place of business. Indeed, even hospitalsâ send their workers urinalysis containers to other clinical offices to have them checked as opposed to doing the medication screening at their own office however there are organizations that are offering nearby medication testing (OHS Health and Safety Services, Inc. , 2014). Physicals are additionally a potential migraine to plan for even one individual, not to mention a gathering of individuals. Once in a while does it ever appear that a specialist isnt occupied with accomplishing something. Individuals are continually becoming ill, harmed or biting the dust and its the specialists obligation to assist them with night if that implies making their passing less difficult for them. Attempting to get a doctorâ to lead a physical isnt fundamentally troublesome, one simply needs to plan the arrangement a month or two ahead of time which Carl didn't do. With respect to the booklets, leaflets, and manuals, Carl ought to have investigated escaping as opposed to brushing it off. This specific issue isnt very as critical as the medication screening or the physical, however it will take anyplace from a couple of days to possibly more than seven days to get all the writing he is going to requirement for the fresh recruits. At last, he ought to have de-clashed the preparation homeroom plan with different divisions in the organization. In anyâ organization, there is a requirement for a study hall condition that is helpful for adapting however it doesnt benefit you in any way on the off chance that another person is utilizing the study hall when you need it. In view of this, there was a calendar on the divider that Carl checked when he went to the study hall that anticipated out for in any event a month or two. Carl stood by too long to even think about getting his booking set in the schedule in light of the fact that Joe has the space for the remainder of the month or more. Carl was looking great so far regardless of the considerable number of issues found with how he has taken care of the circumstance up until now. Carl set up himself as a speedy student and diligent employee by making fruitful recruits so rapidly into his activity time as an enrollment specialist. A few people would state that the activity is generally characteristic aptitude since it just includes conversing with individuals, yet there is substantially more to it than that. Clearly, in any case Carl would not have ended up in the wreckage he is in now. On chatting with potential recruits about the organization, what they are about, what they are searching for, and how the potential recruit could fit into the activity, they need to take care of business by guaranteeing the recruit meets all the companys capabilities as well. In the event that the potential recruit isnt fit for satisfying the fundamental organization guidelines of instruction, conduct, mentality, morals, and so forth then they likely won't be a profitable individual from the workforce and its the selection representatives occupation to discover those things out on his/her own or approach ensuring the potential recruit gets to the correct association that can locate that out. After accepting the call from Monica, Carl ought to have pulled out a stack of paper, his booking schedule, and a composing utensil and made notes during his discussion with Monica. He ought to have discovered precisely what she needed to occur and give her prompt input with his own thoughts and courses of events identified with to what extent it would take to achieve a specific errand or the time allotment he would need to prepare an individual recruit to begin working. When they had both gone to a concession to the arrangement they would use to prepare the recruits to become representatives, they could have both hung up the telephone with a positive sentiment of achievement and comprehension. Carl ought to have begun approaching achieving said plan when he hung up with Monica. The primary things to be planned ought to be the things that are the most hard to plan the physical and medication screening. With those two things off the beaten path and dealt with, Carl should ensure he acquires and converses with up close and personal at any rate three recruits every day to go more than 1/2 their applications and resumes to ensure they are finished and rounded out accurately. To really sweeten the deal, if Monica had a specific configuration she wants on a resume, when Carl acquires the recruits he can help them re-compose their resumes so they meet Monicas wanted arrangement. When the arrangements have been planned and before singular gatherings with the recruits happen, homeroom space ought to be saved for the direction. On the off chance that the circumstance despite everything plays out the manner in which it is as of now, at that point Carl should discover somewhere else to lead the direction except if he can work out an arrangement with Joe. Contingent upon to what extent Carl will require the study hall, maybe he can slip in, lead direction, and slip directly retreat while Joes class is out getting something to eat or out at another site doing at work preparing (OJT). At last, the writing ought to be incorporated between meeting each recruit and helping them with their administrative work. On the off chance that need be, Carl can demand more writing from whichever division of the organization gives those archives, he can arrange them himself from their distributer, or have an associate bring them down to a spot like Kinkos and get duplicates made. With the circumstance being what it is really going after now, he despite everything has a few choices open to him on the off chance that he could get himself in a perspective to remember them. The medication screening and the physicals are going to give him the hardest time so heâ should attempt to get them dealt with first. On the off chance that hes ready to plan his recruits before the direction date, at that point he is acceptable, however on the off chance that not he ought to feel free to plan them when he can and change dependent on that. The issues hes looking with the administrative work can be taken care of reasonably effectively by getting one great duplicate of every flyer, manual, and so forth and get duplicates made or order more from the office responsible for loading those provisions. They may not be cheerful being approached to hack up an entire wreckage of writing without prior warning, that is an aspect of their responsibilities and he ought to plan something for make itâ up to them later on. It is imperative to be on acceptable footing with the people who are responsible for provisions, particularly from a military point of view. To the extent discovering homeroom space, Carl should approach Joe with his concern and check whether he can accommodate his class in previously or after one of Joes classes. If not, Carl should investigate booking a gathering room like the ones most inns have for lease or like a few cafés have where the room is shut off from the remainder of the eating floor. In any case, Carl has choices in such manner also. Also, and here is the critical step, Carl is no doubt must let Monica realize that her fresh recruits probably won't be prepared in the time allotment they recently settled upon. Because of his naiveté and absence of time at work, this ought not be a vocation ender for Carl yet it isnt going to make Monica content with him. In the event that Carl can at present get everything all together so as to direct the direction on the date he consented to with Monica, at that point everything is acceptable. Carl is in an intense position, however hes not out of the battle yet. Carl made someâ mistakes, generally because of inability or maybe he got arrogant in the wake of excelling on his past enrolling situation. So as to financially recover and hide any hint of failure, Carl has a few unique courses he can take to get his strategic. At last, Carl ought to give a valiant effort to right his wrong, get his strategic, gain from his mix-ups and proceed. References University of Phoenix. (2014) Week Two enhancement, Case Study for Student Analysis. Electronically recovered October 19, 2014 from University of Phoenix, Week Two, Resource. COMM215 Essential of College Writing OHS Health and Safety Services, Inc.. (2014). On location medicate testing administrations versus center administrations. Recovered from http//www. ohsinc. com/on_site_drug_testing_onsite_drug_test_specimen_collection_CH ART. htm PAGE 6 PAGE MERGEFORMAT 1 Y, dXiJ(x(? I_TS? 1EZBmU/xYy5g/GMGeD3Vqq8K)fw9 xrxwrTZaGy8IjbRcXI u3KGnD1NIBs RuKV. ELM2fi? V? vlu8zH (W uV4(Tn 7_m-UBww_8(/0hFL)7iAs),Qg20ppf DU4p MDBJlC5 2FhsFYn3E6945Z5k8Fmw-dznZ? xJZp/P,)KQk5qpN8KGbe Sd17? paSR 6Q POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. Organization).

Letter of Interest Examples and Format [+Introduction Letters, and Inquiry Letter Samples]

Letter of Interest Examples and Format [+Introduction Letters, and Inquiry Letter Samples] Do you have a company in mind you would love to join? It might be that you know the kind of organizations you’d love to work for but there’s a problem: they aren’t hiring.But just because a company isn’t openly looking to fill a position does it mean they wouldn’t be interested if the right talent comes along.It never hurts to try if you want your favorite career. For these occasions, you want to send a letter of interest to the company to test the ice. In the following sections, you’ll learn:What a letter of interest isHow it differs from a cover letterWhen and how you should use itWho should receive your letter of interestWhat your letter should includeHow to make sure your letter gets readThere will also be a template for formatting your letter and two examples for inspiration.WHAT’S A LETTER OF INTEREST?You’d use a letter of interest when you want to work in a specific company or in a specific role but you’re not sure about the job opportunities available. This letter is also known as an introduction or inquiry letter because of its querying nature. It’s to showcase your interest and to find out about opportunities. You might have a desire to work with a specific corporation and you just want to try the ice to see if opportunities are there.In the letter, you will outline your interest in the company as well as a specific position with the company, looking for more information about the opportunities available. It’s about checking whether employment options are out there.You will also use it to make an introduction. You will always include a basic rundown of your qualifications and accomplishments. The purpose is to sell yourself to the company and help them understand why having you on their team might not be such a bad idea â€" whether or not they are currently hiring.It’s not a bad idea to enclose your resume when writing a letter of interest, although it’s not mandatory.HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM A COVER LETTER?The above can make a letter of interest sound a lot like a cover letter. However, these two are separate from each other in three ways:The purposeThe purpose of a letter of interest is to check whether there is an opportunity for employment while with cover letter, you are applying for a particular job you already know is on the market. A letter of interest is about the potential, whereas the cover letter is about going after what is already out there.The contentA letter of interest is more focused on you as a person and employee. It provides the HR person (or anyone you send it to) the opportunity to get to know you and the kind of addition you might be to the team.On the other hand, a cover letter is tailored to the specific position. It’s still about you but more about your fit to this particular role. It’s, in essence, a more focused approach to your skills and achievements rather than a broad look at your talent.The subjectThe focus of the letter of interest is on your desire to work for the specific company. You highlight your flexibility in working in different roles (since you don’t have a specific job title to apply to) and focus on your match in terms of company culture.The subject of your cover letter is to talk about the specific job opening. It’s not about your overall career objectives but your desire to land the advertised role.If you have seen a job advertised and you want to apply for this specific position, you need to send a cover letter.If, on the other hand, you’re just interested in opportunities at a particular company, you want to write a letter of interest.WHEN AND HOW TO USE IT?As just mentioned, you want to send a letter of interest when you have a strong desire to work in a specific company or companies within an industry. You are perhaps looking for new opportunities and considering the direction you want your career to take.It’s about testing the waters and you should use the letter of interest in situations like that. But it’s also im portant to use it when you’re certain of your fit in the company. You want to write it when you know your skills would benefit the organization â€" you know you would be a good addition to the team and you could help the organization move closer to its vision.You should take advantage of the letter when you have an idea of the kind of person the company tends to hire. You don’t want it to be just about checking if they’d want to hire you.The letter of interest should show your knowledge of the business culture and the company’s vision â€" and how your skills and accomplishments alight with those points. In short, you should only send a letter of interest when you’ve done your research on the company and you know what they need and want in the long-term.WHO TO ADDRESS THE LETTER TO?Since you’re not applying for a specific position, knowing who to send the letter can be a bit tricky. You don’t have the contact for a hiring manager, which you tend to do when it comes to s ending your cover letter. But you don’t want to randomly send the letter â€"if you don’t address it correctly, it won’t help you reach the goals you want.It’s important to research the company and the different departments to find the person most suited for receiving your letter of interest. Broadly speaking, the two big points of contact would be:Someone from the HR department:Typically the person in charge of recruitment or the specific hiring manager for specific jobs.Someone from the particular department you would want to join:If you have a broad understanding of the department you’d like to join and that’s suited for your skills, you might also want to consider contacting the manager of the department.If the company is smaller and it doesn’t have dedicated departments and an HR department, you can often just send the letter of interest straight to the top. This can be the company’s owner and founder or a top-ranking manager.If you know someone in the company, i t’s also worth considering you send the letter to them (if they are somewhat relevant to your desired position).You can find the information online, either on the company website or often on LinkedIn. LinkedIn is a great place for finding possible common contacts too with LinkedIn Connections feature.WHAT SHOULD YOU WRITE ABOUT IN THE LETTER?Now to the tough part which is the content of the letter. The core of your letter should always focus on covering these three points:1. Reasons the company interests youThe key thing is, of course, stating why you’re writing the letter of interest in the first place. You want to make it clear to the reader what your interest in the company is. You want to align the company’s values with your own values and give an insight into what about the company is interesting you.For example, the company might be big on community projects and helping the local youngsters stay healthy and happy. This could be close to your heart too and a reason you’ re looking to find a job in the company â€" so you’ll write about how this is something you find interesting.2. Your skills and qualifications and why the company would benefit from themThe second main point to cover is your skills and qualifications. You want to give the person an idea of what your strongest points are and where your talent is because it helps them get an idea whether you’re an employee worth pursuing.Unlike with a cover letter, you won’t have a specific job description to help you in terms of the skills to focus on. Instead of trying to sell yourself to a specific job position, you’re objective is to talk about your overall skills and qualities in terms of the company.Therefore, focus on finding out about the company culture and the talent the company is looking for. For example, if the organization is big on sustainability, you should mention how it’s important to you and how you’ve demonstrated this value in your line of work.It’s essentially impor tant to show you understand the company’s mission and focus and that you position yourself to be part of this. Let’s say you’re looking to join the marketing team in some capacity and you can notice how the company’s marketing is mainly driven by social media.This gives you a window of opportunity to highlight your social media talent and knowledge in this aspect.3. The jobs and positions that might interest youNow, you can also mention the kind of jobs and positions that might interest you. This doesn’t have to be in terms of mentioning a specific job title but outlining your interests and your experience.So, if you are interested in a marketing position, you should talk about your interest in possibly working in the marketing team and letting the person know of any experience you have in positions within this sector.Always add a call to action to your letterThere is one more key thing you need to include in your letter aside of those three main points. It’s a call to a ction.“A call to action is a statement designed to get an immediate response from the person reading or hearing it.” â€" The BalanceIn marketing and business terms, a call to action is used when you want the person to buy, sign-up or order, for example. In your letter of interest, the call to action is to make the person reading the letter to contact you back with the intention of talking about possible opportunities.Essentially, your letter must end with a clear call to action and an invitation for the person to get back to you. So, you want to make sure you don’t just go “Hope to hear from you” at the end but you add a real sense of urgency for the connection. Here are some good ways of ending your letter with a call to action:You can e-mail at myname@email.com.I can be reached at any time at 0123 456.You can reach me at my e-mail address if you want to ask any questions.Here is a link to my LinkedIn â€" Let’s connect to continue the discussion.It’s also a good idea to be proactive with your call to action. Instead of simply waiting for the person to connect, you want to show you’d be staying in touch. It’s not a bad idea to say you’ll be calling the person in a week’s time to talk about opportunities.You want to set a date and even time, leaving enough time for the person to go over your letter and resume. When you do this, you force the person into a call to action â€" they might call you first because they know you’ll be in touch anyway or at least e-mail to say there’s nothing in the company at the moment.AN EXAMPLE FORMAT OF A LETTER OF INTERESTLet’s put the above information into practice and look at the formatting of the letter of interest. While in the modern, digital world most things are sent via e-mail, you can still send a hard copy of your letter.Below are format examples for both a printed letter and the e-mail version.A hard copy letterA hard copy might actually be more effective than e-mail so it’s worth consider ing. Most professionals tend to have their e-mail full of letters and therefore, your letter of interest might never stand out in the Inbox. Whereas a real letter will force the person to at least acknowledge it’s there.Here is the formatting for a hard copy letter you can post to the organization.Your contact detailsInclude your name, address, phone number, and e-mail address. You should also include any relevant professional social media handle (Twitter, LinkedIn) and your website if you have it.DateContact details of the person your contacting Add full contact details of the person you’re addressing the letter to, including name, company name and position, company address and phone number.Professional greeting Begin with a professional greeting, addressing the person with the correct title and name.The main body of the textIntroduction Begin by introducing yourself and explaining your reason for the letter. This is the place to mention your interests towards the organisation. The skills and qualifications The next paragraph should be about your skills and qualifications and how you think they align with the needs of the organisation. You can also mention any possible interest you might have within the organisation.The closing statement/call to action The final paragraph should be the call to action. Outline your plans for further contact and let the person know the best way to contact you.Professional goodbye Sign the letter off with a professional goodbye and add a handwritten signature even if the rest of the letter is a printed copy.Here is an example letter to use for inspiration and guidance when writing your own letterJane Smith 123 Home Street 454 City 0123 456 janesmith@email.comFebruary 18Sarah Doe Head of Marketing XYZ Company 98 Road Avenue 454 CityDear Ms. Doe,I was reading through one of the top marketing publications and came across your interview. You eloquently talked about the new direction digital marketing is headed and I immediately f elt inspired. With six years of experience in the industry, I would love to inquire you about opportunities in joining the award-winning team at XYZ Company.I have worked exclusively within the digital sector for the past three years, holding a variety of positions I feel would benefit your company. I am experienced in market research and third-party marketing systems. In my past, I have introduced new marketing strategies and been part of numerous new campaign launches. I am actively looking for opportunities that would allow me to build on the research part of my talent. I believe the development of new strategies is the way forward and I was happy to read in the interview, you feel the same way.I’ve led a five-man team and I have been able to improve the sales within my past jobs by 40% on an annual basis. I am proud of having been able to deliver such results within budget. I believe it is my professional and honesty that helps me strive for such good results.I will be calling you on March 5th to answer any questions you might have about this letter or the enclosed resume. I hope we will be able to talk about opportunities and to schedule an interview at a convenient time. If you prefer, you can call me at 0123 456 any time of the week.Thank you for your time for considering my qualifications.Sincerely,Jane SmithE-mail versionYou may also want to opt for simply e-mailing the person. It might not always be as efficient but it’s not a bad idea in a fast moving world â€" you’ll also be able to follow-up a bit easier.Here are the specific formatting tips for the e-mail version:The subject line Introduction to the topic and your name.Professional greeting Begin with a professional greeting, addressing the person with the correct title and name.The main body of the textIntroduction Begin by introducing yourself and explaining your reason for the letter. This is the place to mention your interests towards the organisation.The skills and qualifications The n ext paragraph should be about your skills and qualifications and how you think they align with the needs of the organisation. You can also mention any possible interest you might have within the organisation.The closing statement/call to action The final paragraph should be the call to action. Outline your plans for further contact and let the person know the best way to contact you.Your contact details Sign off professionally and include your full contact details at the end of the e-mail.With that in mind, here’s an example e-mail you can use as guidance when writing your own:The subject line: Introduction â€" Jane SmithDear Ms. Doe,For the past three years, I’ve been focusing on the work of ZYX Company and I’ve been inspired by the company’s dedication to sustainability. I have been moved by the focus to ensure the product development process is always aimed at creating sustainable and user-friendly products, as I’m a passionate advocate of eco-friendly solutions.I have had the privilege of working with some of the leading climate scientists since graduating as a digital developer five years ago. I have launched two successful projects, with one of them winning the local award for the sustainable practice of the year. It is this passion, I’d love to develop further and I’m interested to find if there are opportunities at ZYX Company for me to do so.I believe my experience and skills would be well suited, as the company prepares for its next big push in the development of solar energy. I have enclosed my resume with this e-mail for you to explore my skills further.I will call you on March 4th to discuss the issue further. If you do have any questions before, feel free to reach me by e-mailing me at janesmith@email.com.I look forward to speaking with you. Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely,Jane Smith 123 Home Street 454 City 0123 456 janesmith@email.comHOW TO GET YOUR LETTER OF INTEREST OR INQUIRY READ?The above templates are the ones to use when writing a letter of interest. You will be able to focus on the right things in your letter and to get your message across in style. But you want to take a moment to focus on the final elements of a good letter of interest â€" those little details that ensure your carefully crafter letter actually gets read.To do this, you must ensure:Your letter or e-mail is short and concise. Don’t write more than four short paragraphs of around three to five sentences. You don’t want to waste the person’s time so you want to keep it short and concise. Only focus on relevant points and remember you don’t have to go into career details if you include a resume.Your letter is directed to the right person. As mentioned earlier, you want to direct the letter to the right person â€" the person in charge of considering new people. Sending it to a random person won’t improve your chances. It might take some research to find the right person but this is necessary to conduct in order to su cceed.You should focus on your strengths and the value you would add to the company. Only talk about skills and experience that’s relevant to your interest and important for the business. Like with cover letter, make it about your value to the company and not just about boasting with your skills.You will follow-up on your letter. Never just send the letter and wait for the call. If you have stated you will call and you never hear from the person, it’s a good idea to e-mail them a day before you said you’d call to remind them about it. If you haven’t mentioned any time for contact, you should send a follow-up e-mail a few days after you sent the letter just to check up if the person received it and if they’d still like to talk. People sometimes genuinely forget to reply and it doesn’t automatically mean they are not interested! So push your case with a few follow-ups until you get the ultimate know or you never hear from the person.THE BOTTOM LINE OF SENDING A LETTER OF I NTERESTA letter of interest is a great tool for your career. It will help you during those times when the perfect job openings are not there but you have an idea of the direction you’d want your career to take.It’s a good networking tool and a way to get hiring managers and team leaders to notice your talent. So, if you have ideas on where you’d like to work, don’t hesitate in sending a letter of interest!Just remember to do your research, present yourself as a valuable addition to the company and keep it short and sweet. Always follow-up on your letter and don’t forget to encourage the person to get in touch with you first.

Marketing Analysis Food For Thought - 1277 Words

Food for Thought Everyone needs to eat, but how we obtain our sustenance varies. Many procure their food by going to their local grocery store, corner market, or even the farmer’s stands and co-ops; while others may hunt, gather, or grow a garden. There is a variety of methods and locations to buy food, however, a large majority of the U.S. purchases their weekly, monthly, and sometimes daily groceries from chain supermarkets or grocery stores. An observational comparison analysis of two chain grocery markets that are considered vastly different lead to some striking similarities as well as some stark contrasts. The observations were held at King Soopers at 2 p.m. and Whole Foods at 4 p.m. on October 30, 2015. King Soopers is part of a larger chain of supermarkets and retail stores that make up the brand Kroger. Kroger is the second largest retailer in the U.S. behind Wal-Mart (Kroger.com). Whole Foods is a large chain supermarket specializing in organic products and is the 30th largest retail chain in the U.S. (Whole Foods Market). Both stores were clean, brightly lit, and busy with shoppers making their selections through the aisles of food and home products. At Kings Soopers there was an apparent gender majority; the distinction of characteristics and behaviors that determine the difference between male or female, most of which were woman. Predominately, the woman appeared to be in their 20’s and 30’s, and more than half of them had young children in tow. 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Ba Main Transformation Process Free Essays

string(35) " an advantage over other airlines\." Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to discuss the main theories, models, frameworks and issues in the area of operations management, using British Airways as a working model, throughout the report. It was prepares for a coursework assignment as part of a Operations Management Module Academic journals and books from the area of operations management were used to illustrate the main points in the report to give evidence and back up the information provided. Key findings of this report show how quality impacts on the development of the operations strategy in British Airways and how the key elements of design contribute hugely in operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Ba Main Transformation Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The importance and role of supply chain was discussed and three quality control methods; Quality Sampling, Total Quality Management and ISO 9000 were evaluated to how they could improve the performance of British Airways. Conclusions were drawn and it was found that operations management, based on the points discussed is a major factor to an organisations success. Contents Page Page Number 1. Introduction4 2. BA’s Main Transformation Process 5 6 3. Quality Operations Strategy 7, 8 9 4. Design in Operations 10 4. 1Concept Generation10 2. Concept Screening10 4. 3Preliminary Design 10 11 4. 4Evaluation and Improvement11 4. 5Prototyping and final design 11 12 5. The Role of Supply Chain 13 1. Quality13 2. Speed14 3. Dependability14 4. Flexibility15 5. Cost15 6. Quality Control Methods16 1. Quality Sampling17 2. Total Quality Management 17 18 3. ISO 900018 7. Conclusions19 8. References 20 21 1. Introduction This report has been issued by University as part of this Operations Management module, in which a company will be selected and used as a working model throughout the report. The chosen company that will be used in relation to operations management is British Airways (hereafter BA). The various elements of operations management will be researched and applied to BA’s main transformation process. This will be done using academic articles and books in the area of operations management to illustrate the main points. The report will begin with an overview of BA’s main transformation process indicating key inputs and outputs and then investigate how quality might impact upon the development of the operation strategy. Next it will review the key elements of design and how this impacts on the operation. Finally the role of supply chain in BA’s operation will be discussed and three different quality control methods will be evaluated to show how these might improve the performance in operations. Conclusions will be drawn and any overriding management issues identified. . BA’s Main Transformation Process The transformation process is a â€Å"model that describes operations in terms of their input resources, transforming processes and outputs of goods or services† (Slack et al, 2008, Page 8) BA use their aircrafts and staff which allows passengers and freight to travel from one destination to another thus, making this BA’s main transformation process. The operations fu nction of a business is the arrangement of the resources which are allocated to the production and delivery of an organisations goods and services. Three roles that are important for an operations function are the implementer, supporter and driver of the business strategy. In this example the operations functions follows the inputs of the transformation process. BA’s main transformation process inputs are the 238 aircraft in service, 32 million passengers, and 760,000 tonnes of cargo that it carried in 2009/10 along with the pilots and cabin crew. These are the transforming resources which allow the operation to take place and results in the service being provided. This uses the transformed resources which can be split into two types; facilities such as the buildings and equipment, and staff who are all the people involved in the operation in some way. (ba. com) â€Å"The main activities of British Airways Plc and its subsidiary undertakings are the operation of international and domestic scheduled air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the provision of ancillary services† As BA is one of the worlds largest airlines operating internationally, the transformation process can be complicated with many units or departments interconnecting and contributing to the overall operation. Some of the operations with in BA include British Airways World Cargo carrying freight, mail and courier traffic. (ba. com) They key outputs of BA’s transformation process are the millions of transported passengers to over 300 worldwide destinations and the cargo including dangerous goods and live animals. The outputs are services and therefore intangible. 3. Quality Operations Strategy Operations strategies plan how the function will achieve future goals which are aligned with the companies overall strategy. This can be done by understanding current capabilities and limitations, exploiting current capabilities in quality and process innovation. The basic role of operations is to implement strategy. â€Å"Operations strategy concerns the pattern of strategic decisions and actions which set the role, objectives and activities of the operation† (Slack et al, 2007, Page 63) Operations are the resources that create products and services. There are four perspectives on operations strategy; top down, market requirements, bottom up and operations resources perspective. BA states â€Å"Meeting the rising expectations of our customers’ remains central to our strategy of transforming British Airways into the world’s leading global premium airline† This includes investment in their staff, aeroplanes and facilities in order to provide a premium quality service to their customers. (ba. com) â€Å"Quality is consistent conformance to customers’ expectations† (Slack et al, 2007, Page 539) Relating this to the above strategy of BA the quality of the service would be the friendly and helpful cabin crew, the flight leaving on time, clean aircraft and baggage arriving at the same time and destination as the passenger. Punctuality ensures other operational processes run smoothly and remains a key factor in whether customers would recommend British airways to other travellers† (ba. com). Therefore if BA produces a quality service to all of its customers, it is likely that they will get more business through recommendation s and giving them an advantage over other airlines. You read "Ba Main Transformation Process" in category "Papers" As the quality of service that BA provides is paramount to the customer and can be a deciding factor on repeat business, this will have to be incorporated to the overall operations strategy of the organisation for it to be a success. In BA’s 2009/10 annual report and accounts their strategy and objectives include meeting customer needs and improving margins through new revenue streams. Total Quality Management can have an influential impact on this as quality can reduce costs and increase dependability. â€Å"Lowered total quality expenditures, increased level of quality and reallocation of quality resources to prevention and away from appraisal and defect/failure correction activities† (SAM Advanced Management Journal, 1990, Page 25). This supports the above strategy of BA. TQM enables the developing of strategic thinking due to its inter-disciplinary nature† (Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 2004, Page 264) Overall in respect to BA this means that there has to be quality control in place for the overall strategy to be successful. When developing the operations strategy, taking quality into consideration there may be a higher cost initially, however, referring to the research a bove costs may be reduced overall due to less errors and more emphasis being placed on prevention tactics. 4. Design in Operations There are five stages of service design which will be looked at individually in relation to BA; 4. 1Concept Generation If BA were to introduce a new destination to the existing range that they already offer if they decide to follow the market requirement perspective which is â€Å"what the market position requires operations to do† (Slack et al, 2001, Page 65). A lot of people would have to be involved from management at the top down to the customers. Market research would be a good idea to get ideas and suggestions from the customers for the proposed new estination. â€Å"Operations strategy involves translating marketing requirements into operations decisions† (Slack et al, 2007, Page 63) 2. Concept Screening This stage involves the ides going through feasibility, acceptability and vulnerability evaluation. Questions such as are the resources such as aircrafts and staff available, will it be accepted and what may go wrong with it and will it all be answered and evalua ted. At this stage the ideas will progressively get fewer as each one is evaluated until there is only one possibility left. . Preliminary Design Preliminary design is the identifying of component products and services in the package, which in this case is the new flight destination in BA and the process of this will also be defined at this stage. The components of the new flight destination may be the aircraft, cabin crew, pilot, information leaflets and arrangement of new flight path and times. BA is part of a mass service process type in which there are many customers transactions therefore there is limited contact time and not much room for customisation. For example BA cannot put on a special journey for a single person as there are a range of pre-planned journeys for passengers to choose between. 4. Evaluation and Improvement Design evaluation and improvement is used to see if the preliminary design can be improves and this can be done using various techniques including quality function deployment, value engineering and taguchi methods. Looking at Quality Function Deployment (QFD), which is a technique used to ensure that the eventual design of BA’s service actually meets the needs of the customers. For example the new flight destination would have to be where the customers want to go and figure how this can be achieved. 5. Prototyping and final design The final stage of design is to turn the design into a prototype. For the new flight destination this may be running the flight on a trial basis to get reactions and feedback from the BA customers. Through the design process the five performance objectives; quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost will be considered. For example it can be decided if the quality of service will be the same as a regular flight or if it is going to be increased and marketed as a premium flight. Will the flight be dependable and be on a regular basis and will the cost be in relation to the service as mentioned above and if the customers will be willing to pay more. This would be classed as a product layout within BA which â€Å"involves locating the transforming resources entirely for the convenience of the transformed resources† (Slack et al, 2007, page 193). The transforming resources being the people, for example in BA as they can move through the airport in a predetermined route to enable them to get to the aircraft. 5. 0The role of Supply Chain A supply chain can be described as â€Å"A linkage or strand of operations that provides goods and services through to end customers; within a supply network several supply chains will cross through an individual operation† (Slack et al, 2007, page 402) All supply chain management has a common objective to satisfy the end customer and in the case of BA this will be the people travelling on the flight or BA’s World Cargo. As mentioned in the design process the five performance objectives; quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost will have to achieve appropriate levels in the supply chain. These can be looked at individually in relation to BA: 1. Quality For a flight many onboard services are required including the equipment food and drink. By the time the meal reaches the customer on the flight it has gone through many operations in the supply chain. It is important that at each stage there are minimal errors as this multiplies by the time it reaches the customer. Each stage then needs to take responsibility for its own and their supplier’s performance. This can in turn, ensure that the supply chain can achieve a high level of customer satisfaction at the end and therefore increase the chance of returning custom. 2. Speed In relation to BA, speed can mean the time it takes a customer to be served from the time they request the item to when it arrives. For example, receiving a drink in-flight. A fast response may be achieved by ensuring there is enough resources and stock, such as flight attendants and beverages within the supply chain. If there is a large amount of stock then the customers demand will be fulfilled. In order for this to be successful, the products received from further up the supply chain, such as from the manufacturers need to have fast throughput time. Achieving this allows the customer demands to be met if there is stock readily available. 3. Dependability This means that BA has to have to correct stock in the right place at the right time. The airline needs to have the correct number or supplies or more on board at the time of a flight take off to ensure the demands of the customers are met. For example â€Å"If the individual operations in a chain do not deliver as promised on time, there will be a tendency for customers to over order, or order early, in order to provide some kind of insurance against late delivery† (Slack et al, 2007, page 404) A way that BA can control their â€Å"items of low value, fairly consistent usage and short lead time† (Tersine, 1982, page 432) such as beverages is the two bin re-ordering system. This is an effective way of controlling stock levels as it can easily be seen when the re-order point is reached. 4. Flexibility Flexibility is the supply chains ability to manage changes and disturbances. If BA’s stock levels are managed this should allow flexibility so the end customer’s needs are met and done so in a responsive manner. For BA to be flexible all operations in the supply chain must also be flexible. 5. Cost At each operational stage of the supply chain costs are incurred in order to produce the final product or service. A way of reducing costs is through JIT. Just-in-time is a Japanese management philosophy which tries to eliminate waste and always improve productivity. JIT has many roles to play in an organisation as â€Å"Continuous improvement processes are associated with JIT including product quality, process efficiency, information systems and operating value-added activities more effectively while eliminating non-value-added activities† (Wild, 2002, page 61) BA may also incur costs whilst finding the right suppliers or trying to find one supplier of there required costs to cut the cost of their transactions and come to a mutually beneficial agreement for both parties. 6. Quality Control Methods Measures for quality characteristics within BA can include functionality which is how well the service does the job, for example taking people to their required destination safely. Appearance is another which relates to the decor and cleanliness of aircraft, lounges and crew. Reliability, consistency of the flight service and keeping to the allocated times is another characteristic which is important to the service that BA provides. Durability ensures that the service provided is up to date and relevant to the customers needs. Recovery is the ease with which problems can be resolved and contact between airline staff and customers. These characteristics can be measured as variables and attributes. For quality control methods to take place operations must identify how the quality characteristics can be measured and a standard to which it can be checked against. As much of BA’s quality comes down to service it can be difficult to perceive as this has no quantified measure. Quality control uses statistics, process analysis and quality standards, these attempts are to solve the root cause of any quality problems. Quality means â€Å"doing things right, first time, every time† (Slack et al, 2010, Page 505) and in turn this will have a positive effect on revenues costs and customer satisfaction. The techniques of controlling quality that will be looked at in relation to BA are; quality sampling, total quality management and ISO 9000. 1. Quality Sampling This can be done by handing out surveys towards the end of the flight to receive customer feedback. The results can then be used to determine whether or not the quality characteristics mentioned above are up to the correct standards as expected by the customers and what BA wants to achieve. This will not be 100% checking as not every person will take the time to fill this out; however it can give a good indication of BA’s performance. The results of this can then be used to find areas that need to be approved for example the courtesy of the crew or areas that are positive such are the decor and cleanliness of the aircraft. Overall if action is taken this should help to improve the performance of BA. 2. Total Quality Management Total Quality Management, (TQM) means meeting the needs and expectations of customers. This includes all costs associated with quality which are prevention, appraisal, internal and external failure costs. Prevention costs are used to save failures and errors occurring. This can be the training and development of personnel and designing and improving of services and aircrafts to reduce any quality problems. Appraisal costs that could be incurred with BA are the setting of sampling plans as mentioned above and also conducting customer surveys. Internal failure costs, dealt from within the BA may include lost time due to errors. For example if problems occur and a flight is delayed or unable to take off. If a strategy is in place this could prevent this error from happening. Finally external failure costs which are errors going out of the operation to the customer. An example can be an annoyed customer who take up the time of staff at a check in desk. The main aim of TQM is that the processes and products will be continually improved. 3. ISO 9000 Without any quality control methods there is little or no basis to measure and monitor quality performance. Certification to the ISO 9000 standard demonstrates if an organisations quality of service and products are acceptable. This may improve the performance of BA as it gives assurance to customers that the service has to be at a certain standard so therefore there could be an increase of custom. However this could prove costly to train staff and conducing audits. 7. Conclusions The main findings from this report were the effects of quality on the development of the operations strategy and how design also impacts on this within BA. It was shown how quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost form the basis to all the decisions that are made in the area of operations management. It was found that meeting the rising expectations of BA’s customers was paramount and quality control remained central in this. It was suggested that BA could us a survey to receive feedback to work on and improve if appropriate. This could increase the standard of quality of service within the organisation. The five stages of design in operations; concept generation, concept screening, preliminary design, evaluation and improvement and prototyping and final design were identified and evaluated. The role of supply chain was discussed against the five performance objectives; quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost will have to achieve appropriate levels in the supply chain. Quality and its importance were shown how it can improve the performance of BA. In final conclusion it as found that operations management, based on the points discussed is a major factor to an organisations success. 8. References LEONARD, D and MCADAM, R. , 2004. Total quality management in strategy and operations: dynamic grounded models, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. online]. 15(3). Pp. 254-266. Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=1741-038Xvolume=15issue=3articleid=851034show=html www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 12th December 2010] www. ba. com [Accessed throughout December 2010] SLACK, N. , CHAMBERS, S. and JOHNSTON, R. , 2007. Operations Management. 5th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited GILMORE, H. L. , 1990. Continuous Incremental Im provement: An Operations Strategy for Higher Quality, Lower Costs, and Global Competitiveness. SAM Advanced Management Journal. online]. 55(1). Pp. 21. Available from: http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=10hid=112sid=a64d86a6-2b59-4820-89e8-685e3526e9e7%40sessionmgr110bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=buhAN=4601151 [Accessed 13th December 2010] SLACK, N. , CHAMBERS, S. and JOHNSTONE, R. , 2001. Operations Management. 3rd ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited WILD, T. , 2002. Best Practice in Inventory Management. 2nd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd TERSINE, R J. , 1982. Principles of Inventory and Materials Management. nd ed. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. , Inc TANNINEN, K. , PUUMALAINEN, K. and SANDSTROM, J. M. , 2010. the power of TQM: analysis of its effects on profitability, productivity and customer satisfaction. Total Quality Management Business Excellence. [online] 21(2) Pp. 171-184. Available from: http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/detail? vid=7h id=105sid=15499fbe-0026-4e12-b2c1-b55559c94134%40sessionmgr114bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=buhAN=47760259 [Accessed 16th December 2010] How to cite Ba Main Transformation Process, Essays

Retail Packaging Essay Example

Retail Packaging Essay Retail Packaging Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Packaging specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Packaging specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Packaging specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tutor: Date: Retail Packaging Packaging Smaller Runs When starting a business, it is only logical to make sure that the retailing packaging being used is of the least cost possible. There are a number of prints that can be made on the folding carton. Since the business is planning on using only three printing colors, there a number of varieties to choose from. However, due to saving on costs and other unnecessary complications that come with printing, the business will use the flexography printing method. There are a number of printing methods that can suite the folding carton. These include letter press, gravure, flexography, digital printing and offset. However, the flexography suites this retail packaging due to a couple of reasons. Since the business will start with the use of three colors, this method can incorporate up to ten colors (Casals Pilars International, 2007). This is because it incorporates fast drying inks thus making the process much faster. The major advantage of this method is that it is cost effective as compared to other methods. Since water based inks can be used as effectively as oil based ones, the water based are the cheapest as far as reducing costs is concerned. They also bring out the same effect as the oil based inks. This type of printing is also used in image making thus can be used to produce any images that might be used on the carton folders. The reproduction of all the color hues is one of the major disadvantages of this type of printing (Casals Pilars International, 2007). However, the business will only incorporate three colors that can be reproduced. This will disadvantage will not affect the business. This type of printing can take place in both the absorbent and non absorbent materials. The materials used to make the folding cartons are non-absorbent. There will be no problem with the materials to be used. This is an advantage, as some of the other printing methods do not make a favorable impression on the non-absorbent materials. Since this is business, minimizing the cumbersomeness of printing is one of the aims of being effective. This can take place through this method. A photopolymer image or a rubber enables the formation of millions of impressions without having to repeat a process. This saves time, cost and is more effective. The business needs to make as many folding cartons as possible within the shortest time possible. Larger Production Producing goods in larger quantity means that the business will have to improve in efficiency without compromising on the quality of the products (Meyers Gerstman, 2005). The digital printing method is the best if the business was to incorporate larger production of the folding cartons. Although it involves the use of more expensive machinery than the ones used in the previous method, it is more effective and efficient when it comes to mass production. One significant advantage of this method is that it is extremely fast. Thousands of folding boxes can be printed in a very short time. Although it involves machinery that is expensive, the unit cost is much smaller due to the bulk production of folding cartons taking place. The original desired image is not altered on the final product as compared to other methods. This will enable the business to offer more satisfying results to the customers thus attracting more customers (Hoffmann-Falk, 2007). This type of printing involves multiple colors within a short period. Whether the business decides to use more colors or decides to remain with the three colors, this printing method will accommodate the changes. Consistency and innovations are very significant to a business. However, major extra costs should be avoided in order to maximize on the profits (British Retail Consortium, 2008). References British Retail Consortium. (2008). Global standard for packaging and packaging materials. London: The Stationery Office. Casals, R., Pira International. (2007). The future of flexographic printing markets to 2012. Leatherhead: Pira International. Hoffmann-Falk, M., Oce? Printing Systems GmbH. . (2007). Digital printing: Technology and printing techniques of Oce? digital printing presses. Poing: Oce? Printing Systems GmbH. Meyers, H. M., Gerstman, R. (2005). The visionary package: Using packaging to build effective brands. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is one of two major tests used for admission to 4-year colleges and universities in the United States. Colleges selecting for academic ability often use the SAT, or its counterpart, the ACT, as acriticalfactor when deciding whether or not to grant admission to prospective students. Table of Contents IntroductionFunctionOverall StructureCritical ReadingMathematicsWritingSAT Question TypesSAT LogisticsSAT PreparationSAT Scoring and PercentilesSAT / ACT ComparisonsSAT History Editor's Note: This article is the home page of the SAT PrepScholar's Students' Encyclopedia, 2016 Edition. This guide is updated annually to provide an encyclopedic range of facts on SAT topics with a focus on content relevant to students and parents. Introduction In addition to measuring academic ability, the SAT is meant to evaluate students' college readiness. Its Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing sections are designed to test the skills of math and literacy that students need to succeed in college level courses.Students may prepare for the SAT through their classroom learning and SAT-specific preparation, which may involve SAT books, tutoring, and/or online prep programs. Over 1.67 million high school graduatesin the class of 2014 tookthe SAT. Some middle school students also take the SAT as practice or to qualify for talent competitions, like the Duke Talent Identification Program and Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth program. The SAT is administered by the nonprofit organization, College Board. The current version of the SAT, which consists of three sections and allows for a maximum composite score of 2400, has been in place since 2005. Starting in March of 2016, a redesigned version of the test, commonly referred to as the new SAT, will be administered. The new SAT will feature changes in format, content, and question type, as well as returnto a pre-2005 1600 scoring system. According to College Board, these changes were made in order to more accurately reflect the skills students are learning in their classrooms, as well as to ensure greater equity in achievement across diversesocio-economic backgrounds. SAT commentators have noted that the new SAT will more closely resemble the ACT in many ways, perhaps reflecting College Board's attempt to remain competitive with the increasingly popular ACT. The current version of the SAT consists of three sections: Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing, which includes an essay. Each section is scored on a scale from 200 to 800 in 10 point increments. The lowest possible composite score is a 600 total, while the highest is a 2400 total. The sections aredivided into 25, 20, or 10 minute subsections, each of which is strictly timed. The total examtime is 3 hours and 45 minutes. The actual test-taking time is longer due to time given toproctor-led instructions and three 5 minute breaks. Students register for the SAT online through their College Board accounts. It is also possible to register by mail (this method of registration is required for students under the age of 13). The cost for students in the U.S. is $54.50, while international fees vary by country. Students for whom the registration fee presents a financial obstacle may be eligible for fee waivers, which waive both the cost of the test and official score reports sent to colleges. Students with documented disabilities may also request special accommodations, the most common of which is additional time. In the U.S., the SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. Technically, students may register for and take the SAT an unlimited number of times.At least half of all students take the SAT twice, with others opt to take the SAT additional times. Students may use College Board's Score Choice to report only the score reports of their choice to colleges unless the college is one of the few that don't allow Score Choice. Students are statistically likely tosee score improvements when they retake the test. SAT preparation has also been shown to lead to significant score improvementson the test. Function The SAT is meant to be a standardized assessment of the academic and reasoning skillsthat students need to succeed in college. Muchof a college application is based on local data, such asGPA and course selection. The SAT is largely used to give anational perspective to students'abilityand college readiness. Many 4-year colleges and universities in the U.S. require the SAT or ACT as part of students' applications. Admissions officers consider SAT scores alongside other aspects of a student's application, including his/her grades, extracurricular involvement, teacher and counselor recommendations, and personal essay. Schools differ in how they consider SAT scores, soit benefits students to research their colleges' policies and incorporate theminto their SAT preparation and test-taking schedules...[Read more here] Overall Structure The SAT has three main sections, Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing. It tests the skills of reading comprehension, problem-solving with algebra, geometry, and probability, rules of English grammar, and expositorywriting. The main sections are divided into a total of ten subsections, which might be 10, 20, or 25 minutes in length. One of these sections is experimental, or variable, and is used to develop material for future tests and ensure scoring accuracy. The experimental section is unscored and may be Critical Reading, Math, or Writing. The SAT is allmultiple choice questions, with the exception of a 25 minute essay and ten student-produced Mathematics questions.Each section is scored on a scale from 200 to 800, with a maximum possible composite score of 2400. The entire test is 3 hours and 45 minutes, though administration is typically about 4.5 hours to include instructions and breaks...[Read more here] Critical Reading The Critical Reading section tests students' skills of reading comprehension and understanding of vocabulary. Itpresents short, long, and paired passages and asksquestions about main purpose, author perspective, and vocabulary, among otherquestiontypes. Critical Reading questions also require the ability to understand relationships within sentences and to insert appropriate vocabulary words when prompted. Critical Reading comprises 70 minutes with two 25 minute sections and one 20 minute section. It asks 48 passage-based questions and 19 sentence completions. Typical preparation for this section involves a review of literary terms, studying high level vocabulary words, and taking timed practice tests...[Read more here] Mathematics The Mathematics section of the SAT asks students to solve problems by applying or combining skills from pre-algebra, algebra, geometry, and probability. Interpretation of data from graphs and charts is also tested. Students who have taken a high school level algebra and geometry class have likely learned the requisite concepts to succeed on the SAT Math section. There are two 25 minute sections and one 20 minute section in SAT Math. In total, these sections contain 44 multiple choice and 10 student-produced questions, commonly referred to as grid-in questions. Students are allowed to use a calculator on this section, though most questions do not require complex calculations...[Read more here] Writing The Writing section targets skills of English grammar and essay writing. To succeed in this section, students must be able to identify and revise grammatical errors and improve the sequence of ideas within paragraphs. Highly scoring essays typically follow a 5 paragraph structure and support a clear point of view with well-developedand relevant examples. The Writing section consists of a 25 minute essay and 25 minute and 10 minute multiple choice sections. The essay is always the first section on the SAT, and the 10 minute multiple choice section is always last. Students receive a subscore for their essay, which counts for approximately 30% of their Writing section score. The multiple choice makes up the remaining 70%...[Read more here] SAT Question Types There are a total of 170 questions on the SAT, plus the essay. 160 of these questions are multiple choice, each with five answer choices. The other 10 are student-produced math questions, which are answered in a special section of the answer sheet.Most questions are arranged in order of increasing difficulty, with the exception of passage-based Critical Reading questions, which follow chronologically with the passage(s) to which they refer. SAT score reports show students how many questions they answered correctly and incorrectly by question type and difficulty level. Students can alsorequest College Board's Question and Answer service for an additional fee, which will give them a detailed report of how they answered each individual question on their test...[Read more here] SAT Logistics The SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. The spring date, which alternatelyfalls in March or April, is not available internationally.The cost of the SAT is $54.50 and students typically register online through their College Board accounts. Students may request fee waivers if the test poses a financial barrier, as well as accommodations for documented disabilities. Additional fees apply for late registration, standby testing, registration changes, scores by telephone, or Question and Answer service. In order to report their scores to colleges, students must send official score reports through College Board. Depending on their colleges' policies, students may be able to use College Board's Score Choice option to select which score reports are sent...[Read more here] SAT Preparation SAT preparation has been shown to lead to score improvements on the test. The main methods of test preparation are self-studying from books, SAT classes, one-on-one tutoring, and, more recently, online programs (which may contain a one-on-one tutoring component). All of these approaches have strengths and weaknesses, and students benefit from choosing the method that is most effective for them....[Read more here] SAT Scoring and Percentiles Each section of the SAT is scored on a scale from 200 to 800. The minimum composite score is 600, while themaximum is 2400. Students receive one point for every correct answer, zero points for skipped answers, and a deduction of 0.25 points for wrong answers. Their raw scores areconverted to scaled scores through a process called equating, which takes into account the performance of all students who took the test on a given administration. In addition to their scaled scores, students receive a percentile ranking that compares their results with other students. Colleges rarely publicize that they requirea minimum SAT score, but they dotypically release data on the average SAT scores of accepted students. (Full article to come soon!)...[Read more here] SAT / ACT Comparisons The SAT and ACT are accepted equally by colleges as admissions tests. Historically, students on the East and West coasts took the SAT and Midwestern students took the ACT. More recently, the number of test-takers for each exam isapproximately equal. While both tests are meant to measure academic ability and college readiness, they differ in content, format, scoring, and overall structure. Students benefit from choosing the test that will help them achieve the stronger score for their college applications. (Full article to come soon!)...[Read more here] SAT History The SAT was first administered to college applicants in 1926. It was developed from an Army intelligence test used for recruitment during World War I. The SAT was initially developed in order to assess students' abilitiesregardless of social or financial background. The SAT has undergone numerous changes and revisions throughout the years, with a significant redesign set to take effect in March of 2016. The SAT has been at the center of both controversies and cheating scandals. Critics of the test maintain that it favors students from uppersocio-economic backgrounds whose parents have a high level of educational attainment. College Board maintains that the SAT is a fair standardized assessment of students' skills and college readiness, and that the redesigned SAT will further align with the content knowledge and skills students are learning within their classrooms...[Read more here]

Heros Journey 101 Definition and Step-by-Step Guide (With Checklist!)

Heros Journey 101 Definition and Step-by-Step Guide (With Checklist!) The Hero's Journey: an Author's Guide to Plotting Ever notice that many stories seem to have a similar pattern? There’s always a protagonist who goes on an adventure, makes new friends, encounters roadblocks, fights a bad guy, and returns home a changed person. In fact, we can sum it up for you in two words: Hero’s Journey.This story structure is as old as time. From Theseus and the Minotaur to The Lion King, so many narratives follow this pattern that it’s ingrained in our cultural DNA today. In this post, we'll show you how to make this classic plot structure work for you - and recap it all in a neat infographic. Ready to answer the call of adventure? Let’s cross the barrier.What is the Hero’s Journey archetype?The Hero's Journey is a classic story structure that's shared by stories worldwide. Coined by academic Joseph Campbell in 1949, it refers to a wide-ranging category of tales in which a character ventures out to get what they need, faces conflict, and ultimately triumphs over adversity. Here are the three stages of the hero’s journey:The Departure Act: the Hero leaves the Ordinary World.The Initiation Act: the Hero ventures into unknown territory (the "Special World") and is birthed into a true champion through various trials and challenges.The Return Act: the Hero returns in triumph.In 2007, screenwriter Christopher Vogler refined Campbell’s original structure in his book,  The Writer’s Journey.  In it, Vogler expanded upon Campbell’s three phases, defining 12 stages that make it up. (This is the version that we’ll be dissecting later in this post.) The Hero's Journey has its fingerprints in everything from The Lion King  and horror novels to Star Wars and Arrival. But keep in mind that you don't necessarily need to follow it beat by beat. You can instead think of it as a map: you can stray from the set path whenever you like. But when you’re struggling to figure out what should happen next, it can act as a narrative arc guide to suggest what the next milestone should be. What are the 12 stages of the Hero's Journey? The 12 Hero’s Journey StepsThe Hero's Journey is a model for both plot points and character development: as the Hero traverses the world, they'll undergo inner and outer transformation at each stage of the journey. The 12 steps of the hero's journey are...1. The Ordinary World 2. The Call of Adventure 3. Refusal of the Call 4. Meeting the Mentor 5. Crossing the First Threshold 6. Tests, Allies, Enemies 7. Approach to the Inmost Cave 8. The Ordeal 9. Reward (Seizing the Sword) 10. The Road Back 11. Resurrection 12. Return with the ElixirBelieve it or not, this story structure also applies across mediums and genres (and also works when your protagonist is an anti-hero!). To show you how it can be used outside of your average sword-and-sorcery books, we've adopted the 1976 film  Rocky as an example in each step. 1. Ordinary WorldIn which we meet our Hero.The journey has yet to start. Before our Hero discovers a strange new world, we must first understand the status quo: their ordinary, mundane reality.It’s up to this opening leg to set the stage, introducing the Hero to readers. Importantly, it lets readers identify with the Hero as a â€Å"normal† person in a â€Å"normal† setting, before the journey begins.Example of the Ordinary World: In the opening of Rocky, Rocky Balboa is introduced as a mediocre boxer and loan collector - just doing his best to live day-to-day in a poor part of Philadelphia.2. Call to AdventureIn which an adventure starts.The call to adventure is all about booting the Hero out of their comfort zone. In this stage, they are generally confronted with a problem or challenge they can't ignore. This catalyst can take many forms, as Campbell points out in Hero with a Thousand Faces. The Hero can, for instance:Decide to go forth of their own volition, i.e. Theseus upon arriving in Athens,Be sent abroad by a benign or malignant agent, i.e. Odysseus setting off on his ship in The Odyssey,Stumble upon the adventure as a result of a mere blunder, i.e. Dorothy when she’s swept up in a tornado in The Wizard of Oz,Be casually strolling when some passing phenomenon catches the wandering eye and lures one away from the frequented paths of man, i.e. Elliot in E.T. upon discovering a lost alien in the t ool shed.The stakes of the adventure and the Hero's goals become clear. The only question: will he rise to the challenge?Example of the Call to Adventure: Apollo Creed, the undisputed World Heavyweight Champion, decides to make a big fight interesting by giving a no-name a chance to challenge him. Intrigued by the nickname, â€Å"The Italian Stallion,† he rings Rocky up.3. Refusal of the CallIn which the Hero digs in their feet.Great, so the Hero’s received their summons. Now they’re all set to be whisked off to defeat evil, right?Not so fast. The Hero might first refuse the call to action. It’s risky and there are perils - like spiders, trolls, or perhaps a creepy uncle waiting back at Pride Rock. It’s enough to give anyone pause.In Star Wars, for instance, Luke Skywalker initially refuses to join Obi-Wan on his mission to rescue the princess. It’s only when he discovers that his aunt and uncle have been killed by stormtroopers that he changes his mind.Example of the Refusal of the Call: Rocky says, â€Å"Thanks, but no thanks,† to Creed’s invitation. He’s reluctant, given that he has no trainer and is incredibly out of shape. Follow Rocky as he traverses the Hero's Journey in this post 4. Meeting the MentorIn which the Hero acquires a personal trainer.The Hero's decided to go on the adventure - but they’re not ready to spread their wings yet. They're much too inexperienced at this point and we don't want them to do a fabulous belly-flop off the cliff.Enter the mentor: someone who helps the Hero, so that they doesn't make a total fool of themselves (or get themselves killed). The mentor provides practical training, profound wisdom, a kick up the posterior, or something abstract like grit and self-confidence.Wise old wizards seem to like being mentors. But mentors take many forms, from witches to hermits and suburban karate instructors. They might literally give weapons to prepare for the trials ahead, like Q in the James Bond series. Or perhaps the mentor is an object, such as a map. In all cases, they prepare the Hero for the next step.Example of Meeting the Mentor: In steps former boxer Mickey â€Å"Mighty Mick† Goldmill, who sees potential in Rocky and starts training him physically and mentally for the fight.5. Crossing the First ThresholdIn which the Hero enters the other world in earnest.Now the Hero is ready - and committed - to the journey. This marks the end of the Departure stage and is when the adventure really kicks into the next gear. As Vogler writes: â€Å"This is the moment that the balloon goes up, the ship sails, the romance begins, the wagon gets rolling.†From this point on, there’s no turning back.Like our Hero, you should think of this stage as a checkpoint for your story. Pause and re-assess your bearings before you continue into unfamiliar territory. Have you:Launched the central conflict? If not, here’s a post on types of conflict to help you out.Established the theme of your book? If not, check out this post that’s all about creating theme  and motifs.Made headway into your character development? If not, this character profile template and these character development exercises may be useful.Example of Crossing the First Threshold: Rocky fully accepts the gauntlet to square up when he crosses the threshold into his love interest Adrian’s house and asks her out on a date.6. Tests, Allies, EnemiesIn which the Hero faces new challenges and gets a squad.When we step into the Special World, we notice a definite shift. The Hero might be discombobulated by this unfamiliar reality and its new rules. This is generally one of the longest stages in the story, as our protagonist gets to grips with this new world.This makes a prime hunting ground for the series of tests to pass! Luckily, there are many ways for the Hero to get into trouble:In Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle,  Spencer, Bethany, â€Å"Fridge,† and Martha get off to a bad start when they bump into a herd of bloodthirsty hippos.In his first few months at Hogwarts, Harry Potter manages to fight a troll, almost fall from a broomstick and die, and get horribly lost in the Forbidden Forest.Marlin and Dory encounter three â€Å"reformed† sharks , get shocked by jellyfish, and are swallowed by a blue whale en route to finding Nemo.This stage often expands the cast of characters. Once the protagonist is in the Special World, he will meet allies and enemies - or foes that turn out to be friends, and vice versa. He will learn a new set of rules from them. Saloons and seedy bars are popular places for these transactions, as Vogler points out (so long as the Hero survives them).Example of Tests, Allies, Enemies: Rocky continues to try and win over Adrian while making a dubious friend in Paulie.7. Approach to the Inmost CaveIn which the Hero gets closer to his goal.This isn’t a physical cave. Instead, the â€Å"inmost cave† refers to the most dangerous spot in the other realm - whether that’s the villain’s chambers, the lair of the fearsome dragon, or the Death Star. Almost always, it is where the ultimate goal of the quest is located. Everything you wanted to know about the Hero's Journey - and more! Note that the protagonist hasn’t entered the Inmost Cave just yet. This stage is all about the approach to it. It covers all the prepwork that's needed in order to defeat the villain.Example of the Approach to the Inmost Cave: The Inmost Cave in Rocky is Rocky’s own mind. He fears that he’ll never amount to anything - something that he reveals when he butts heads with his trainer, Mickey, in his apartment.8. OrdealIn which the Hero faces his biggest test of all thus far. Of all the tests the Hero has faced, none have made them hit rock bottom - until now. Vogler describes this phase as a â€Å"black moment.† Campbell refers to it as the â€Å"belly of the whale.† Both indicate some grim news for the Hero.The protagonist must now confront their greatest fear. If they survive it, they will emerge transformed. This is a critical moment in the story, as Vogler explains that it will â€Å"inform every decision that the Hero makes from this point forward.†The Ordeal is sometimes not the climax of the story. There’s more to come. But you can think of it as the main event of the second act - the one in which the Hero actually earns the title of â€Å"Hero.†Example of the Ordeal: The start of the training montage marks the beginning of Rocky’s Ordeal. He pushes through it until he glimpses hope ahead while running up the museum steps.9. Reward (Seizing the Sword)In which the Hero sees light at the end of the tunnel.Our Hero’s been through a lot. However, the fruits of their labor are now at hand - if they can just reach out and grab them! The â€Å"reward† is the object or knowledge the Hero has fought throughout the entire journey to hold.Once the protagonist has it in their possession, it generally has greater ramifications for the story. Vogler offers a few examples of it in action:Luke rescues Princess Leia and captures the plans of the Death Star - keys to defeating Darth Vader.Dorothy escapes from the Wicked Witch’s castle with the broomstick and the ruby slippers - keys to getting back home.Example of the Reward (Seizing the Sword): Rocky’s reward is the return of his faith in himself. He regains the self-esteem to realize that he has the stuff to take on Apollo Creed - win or lose.10. The Road BackIn which the light at the end of the tunnel might be a little further than the Hero thought.The story's not over just yet, as this phase marks the beginning of Act Three. Now that he's seized the reward, the Hero tries to return to the Ordinary World, but more dangers (inconveniently) arise on the road back from the Inmost Cave.More precisely, the Hero must deal with the consequences and aftermath of the previous act: the dragon, enraged by the Hero who’s just stolen a treasure from under his nose, starts the hunt. Or perhaps the opposing army gathers to pursue the Hero across a crowded battlefield. All further obstacles for the Hero, who must face them down before they can return home.Example of the Road Back: On New Year’s Day, the fight between Rocky and Creed is held. Rocky realizes the challenge that lies before him in the first few rounds, in which both men are more or less equally matched.11. ResurrectionIn which the last test is met.Here is the true climax of the story. Everything that happened prior to this stage culminates in a crowning test for the Hero, as the Dark Side gets one last chance to triumph over the Hero.Vogler refers to this as a â€Å"final exam† for the Hero - they must be â€Å"tested once more to see if they have really learned the lessons of the Ordeal.† It’s in this Final Battle that the protagonist goes through one more â€Å"resurrection.† As a result, this is where you’ll get most of your miraculous near-death escapes, la James Bond's dashing deliverances. If the Hero survives, they can start looking forward to a sweet ending.Example of the Resurrection: Rocky’s knocked down more than a few times as the fight continues. The entire fight winds up lasting 15 rounds and takes both men to the brink of exhaustion.12. Return with the ElixirIn which our Hero has a triumphant homecoming.Finally, the Hero gets to return home. However, they go back a different person than when they started out: they’ve grown and matured as a result of the journey they’ve taken.But we’ve got to see them bring home the bacon, right? That’s why the protagonist must return with the â€Å"Elixir,† or the prize won during the journey, whether that’s an object or knowledge and insight gained.Of course, it’s possible for a story to end on an Elixir-less note - but then the Hero would be doomed to repeat the entire adventure.Example of the Return with the Elixir: Rocky doesn’t win the fight - but he doesn’t care. He’s won back his confidence and beaten his mental demons. And he’s got Adrian, who tell him that she loves him.Free Infographic: The Hero’s Journey TemplateThe following infographic can be used as a hero’s journey template. Follow Bilbo along on each of the 12 steps of his journey - as you go through, plot your own character’s journey through the: Ordinary World, Call of Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Meeting the Mentor, Crossing the First Threshold, Tests, Allies, Enemies, Approach to the Inmost Cave, Ordeal, Reward (Seizing the Sword), Road Back, Resurrection, and Return with the Elixir! Looking beyond the Hero’s JourneyIt’s important to remember that this story structure was conceived as a way to better understand story structure. It’s just one helpful way to outline a novel and dissect a plot. For more longstanding theories on the topic, you can go this way to read about the ever-popular Three-Act Structure or here to discover Dan Harmon's Story Circle and  three more prevalent structures. Cool infographic alert! Analyzing the Hero's Journey: As Seen in the Hobbit Remember, rules are made to be broken. There’s plenty of room to play within its confines. Do you want to experiment with an abbreviated â€Å"Resurrection† stage, as J.K. Rowling did in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone? Are you more interested in exploring the journey of an anti-hero? It’s all possible. Once you understand the basics of this universal story structure, you can use and bend it in ways that disrupts reader expectations.Are you planning on using the Hero's Journey in your book? What's your favorite example of this structure? Let us know in the comments below!